It depends mostly on 2 things-
1- what your surface to volume ratio is?
So, shallow tanks with a lot of surface area will naturally have better gas exchange due to diffusion. Having power heads which cause the surface to ripple will do an even better job of gas exchange.
2- what is the population/density like and do the fish have high metabolisms? (Think tangs and angels here)
Lightly populated tanks will do better than heavily populated ones, and especially those with many large and/or fast swimmers.
Obviously, having the pump off at night, when fish are asleep and metabolic rates are low, is ideal.
I tend to keep the population and size down, so don’t worry about an hour or two. Anything longer than that you need a power head running pointed near the surface. With that I wouldn’t worry about going several hours, but keep hydrogen peroxide on hand just in case.
I would not use more than about 1 ml of hydrogen peroxide (about 20 drops equal 1 ml) per 5 gallons of tank volume, dosed evenly over 8 hours. Granular activated carbon is very effective as a catalyst at neutralizing hydrogen peroxide. In case of an overdose. Some may use more, but it’s toxic to the nitrification bacteria.
if your pump is off an extended period of time, watch for fish breathing heavily/lots of gill movement. That usually indicates ammonium toxicity. Using a pitcher or bowl to dip and pour water from several inches will help dissipate the ammonium. Or, use products like Amquel to neutralize it.
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