It's actually not uncommon, particularly for this species (I double checked it's a Dalmatian Linckia Star) to regenerate whole bodies from arms, which they seem to lose a lot. Since they tend to have a large amount of mouth tissue, there is normally mouth tissue on the arm large enough to regrow. If there wasn't the arm would eventually die due to lake of food and the starfish would just grow a new one.
The bodies are very slow to grow back so that little guy could have been wandering in from a coral piece or rock as a hitchhiker for a while. Now that you've seen him, you'll probably notice it everywhere. My particular favorite is when they just hang from the glass like "Hi... I'm new here..." so cute. I used to find "stumpies" and "one-armed bandits" in a few of my tanks from LR. But I couldn't keep them because my tanks were on the small side and too new.